Poland : The Path to a Market Economy /

Poland's economy rebounded dramatically in 1992-93, several years after the nation embarded on a comprehensive program of economic transformation. This paper describes Polan's steps in the areas of public finance, monetary policy and financial sector reform, trade and exchange rate policy,...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Christofides, Charalambos
Other Authors:	Chopra, Ajai, Ebrill, Liam P, Ebrill, Liam, Mylonas, Paul, Ötker, İnci, Schwartz, Gerd
Format:	Book
Language:	English
Published:	Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, 1994
Series:	IMF eLibrary Occasional Papers ; Occasional Paper No. 113 Occasional Papers; Occasional Paper ; No. 1994/003
Subjects:	Acceleration in inflation Access to credit Access to international capital markets Access to international capital Accounting system Adjustment process Administered price Aggregate demand Aggregate shocks Agreement on trade Agricultural subsidies Annual exchange rate Annual inflation Anticompetitive practices Antidumping actions Antidumping duties on imports Antidumping duties Applied tariff Average benefit Average inflation rate Average inflation Average pension Average retirement age Average trade Bailouts Balance of payments Bank accounting Bank activities Bank credit Bank deposit rates Bank deposit Bank deposits Bank finance Bank financing Bank funding Bank lending rates Bank lending Bank liabilities Bank liquidity Bank management Bank panic Bank portfolios Bank privatization Bank recapitalization Bank restructuring Bank supervision Banking law Banking sector assets Banking sector Banking supervision Banking system Banking Bankrupt Bankruptcy law Banks balance sheets Banks loan Barriers to entry Basic needs Basket of currencies Benefit rate Benefit rates Bilateral agreements Bilateral arrangements Bilateral trade Black market Border trade Budget balance Budget constraint Budget constraints Budget deficit Budget law Capital expenditures Capital flows Capital gains tax Capital gains Capital inflows Capital markets Capital requirement Central banking Clearinghouse Commercial creditors Commercial credits Commercialization Commodity composition Commodity prices Competitive disadvantage Competitive position Competitive pressures Consumer subsidies Cooperative bank Cooperatives Corporate bonds Counseling Course of privatization Credit ceilings Credit expansion Credit guarantees Credit insurance Credit programs Credit rating agencies Credit rating Creditor Creditors Currency basket Currency depreciation Current account balance Current account surplus Current accounts Current pension Debt burden Debt forgiveness Debt management Debt negotiations Debt overhang Debt reduction Debt relief Debt restructuring Debt service payments Debt service Debt stock Debt Debts Deficit financing Deficits Dependency ratio Dependency ratios Dependency Deposit insurance Direct financing Direct investment Disability pensions Disability Discount bonds Dividend yield Domestic debt Domestic demand Domestic economy Domestic goods Domestic market Domestic price Domestic prices Domestic producers Domestic public debt Early retirement Economic cooperation Economic integration Economic transformation Economic transition Effective exchange rate Eligibility criteria Employment offices Employment protections Employment status Employment Enterprise income Enterprise sector Equal treatment Equity conversion Equity markets Eviction Excess demand Excess liquidity Excess supply Exchange arrangements Exchange markets Exchange rate adjustment Exchange rate adjustments Exchange rate appreciation Exchange rate arrangement Exchange rate change Exchange rate changes Exchange rate depreciation Exchange rate developments Exchange rate indicators Exchange rate indices Exchange rate mechanism Exchange rate peg Exchange rate policies Exchange rate policy Exchange rate regime Exchange rate risk Exchange rate rule Exchange rate rules Exchange rate system Exchange rate targeting Exchange rate Exchange rates Exchange reserves Exchange transactions Expansion of trade Expenditure adjustments Expenditure levels Expenditure reform Expenditures Export credit Export growth Export incentives Export market Export markets Export performance Export share Export value Export volumes External debt External financing External position External shocks External trade Family allowances Family safety nets Fiscal accounts Fiscal activities Fiscal analyses Fiscal constraints Fiscal control Fiscal decentralization Fiscal deficit Fiscal instruments Fiscal management Fiscal operations Fiscal outlook Fiscal performance Fiscal policy framework Fiscal policy Fiscal problem Fiscal reforms Fiscal relations Fiscal responsibilities Fiscal situation Fixed exchange rate policy Fixed exchange rate regime Fixed exchange rate system Fixed exchange rate Fixed exchange rates Flexible exchange rate policy Flexible exchange rate regime Flexible exchange rate Flexible exchange rates Floating exchange rate regime Floating exchange rate Food industry Foreign capital Foreign currency Foreign debt Foreign exchange exposure Foreign exchange market Foreign exchange markets Foreign exchange reserves Foreign exchange transactions Foreign exchange Foreign trade Forward market Free trade agreement Free trade General government expenditures Government bonds Government expenditures Government securities Gradual privatization Gross capital formation Gross wage Gross wages Hard currency Health care system Health care High inflation High unemployment Holding company Import demand Import duties Import duty Import items Import prices Import quota Import tariffs Import value Imported goods Income distribution Income losses Indirect taxes Individual pension Inflation rate Inflation rates Inflation stabilization Inflation Inflationary expectations Inflationary pressures Inflationary spiral Insolvency Institutional investors Interbank market Interbank money market Interest charges Interest costs Interest differentials Interest Intergovernmental fiscal relations Intergovernmental fiscal Intermediate goods Intermediate inputs Internal market International capital markets International capital International reserve International securities markets International securities International standards Investment goods Investor confidence Job search Labor force participation Labor force survey data Labor force survey Labor force Liabilities Liberalization of trade Liberalizing trade Life expectancy Liquidity management Living conditions Loans Local unemployment Long term debt Lower inflation Mass privatization program Mass privatization Maternity benefits Metal products Method of privatization Minimum pension Ministry of privatization Monetary policy Money supply Monopoly power Moral hazard Movement of capital Multilateral institutions Multiple exchange rates Municipal ownership National bank Nominal exchange rate Nominal exchange rates Nominal interest rates Non-oil commodity prices Non-oil commodity Nontariff barriers Obligations Official exchange rate Old age pensioners Old age Old-age pensioners Open economy Open market operation Open market Output growth Ownership rights Ownership structure Partner countries Partner country Partners markets Payment arrears Payments systems Payments Payroll taxes Pension base Pension benefit Pension benefits Pension cost Pension expenditures Pension formula Pension fund Pension funds Pension law Pension legislation Pension payments Pension reform Pension reforms Pension rights Pension scheme Pension system Pension Pensioner Pensioners Pensions Per capita income Political economy Portfolio analysis Poverty among pensioners Preferential tariff Preferential treatment Price fluctuations Price inflation Price level Price liberalization Private banking Private capital flows Private capital Private pension Privatization act Privatization choices Privatization deal Privatization of state Privatization of state-owned enterprises Privatization options Privatization plan Privatization plans Privatization process Privatization program Privatization programs Privatization scheme Privatization Process of privatization Producer price index Promissory notes Property tax Protectionist measures Public debt Public finance Public finances Quantitative restrictions Quasi-fiscal activities Rate of growth of wages Rate of inflation Real effective exchange rate Real exchange rate appreciation Real exchange rate Real exchange rates Real interest rate Real interest rates Real wages Recapitalization Reduction in employment Reduction in inflation Reduction of inflation Reductions in employment Refinance Regional trade agreements Regional trade arrangements Regional trade Regulatory framework Relative price Relative prices Replacement rate Replacement rates Reprivatization Reserve holdings Reserve ratio Resource allocation Restructuring Retained earnings Retired people Retirement age Retirement benefits Retirement Risk premium Rules of origin Rural population Sale of equity Sale of shares Savings bank Securities market Securities markets Settlement system Share of employment Short term debt Skilled labor Skilled workers Social assistance schemes Social assistance Social benefits Social expenditures Social insurance arrangements Social insurance benefits Social insurance fund Social insurance system Social insurance Social protection policies Social protection Social safety net Social security reform Social security system Social security Social transfers Socialist countries State budget State enterprise State enterprises State owned enterprises State treasury State-owned enterprise State-owned enterprises Stock exchange Structural adjustment Suppliers credits Survivors pensions Tariff changes Tariff reductions Tariff schedule Tariff structure Tax administration Tax base Tax collection Tax evasion Tax exemptions Tax incentives Tax policy Tax provisions Tax rate Tax rates Tax reform Tax reforms Tax returns Tax revenues Tax system Taxable income Taxation Taxes Taxpayers Terms of trade Time deposit Total unemployment Trade agreement Trade agreements Trade arrangements Trade barriers Trade creation Trade deficit Trade deficits Trade dimension Trade diversion Trade effect Trade expansion Trade flows Trade liberalization Trade patterns Trade regime Trade shock Trade structure Trade union Trading partner Trading partners Transactions costs Transfer of technology Transition economies Transition economy Transition path Transition period Transitional unemployment Transitory shocks Transport companies Transport equipment Transport prices Treasury bills Treasury bonds Treasury operations Unemployed Unemployment benefits Unemployment compensation Unemployment growth Unemployment increase Unemployment levels Unemployment rate Unemployment Unskilled labor Value of exports Value of pensions Value of trade Value-added tax Value-added taxes Wage growth Wage tax Weighted tariff Working capital Working pensioners World debt tables World economy World market World trade Yield curve Banks and Banking Banks and banking Banks Commercial banks Currency Depository Institutions Expenditure Exports and Imports Exports Financial institutions Foreign Exchange Imports International economics International trade Macroeconomics Micro Finance Institutions Mortgages National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General Pension spending Public Finance Public finance & taxation Social Security and Public Pensions Trade: General Poland Poland, Republic of

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Poland : The Path to a Market Economy /

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