James Smithson
James Smithson (c. 1765 – 27 June 1829) was a British chemist and mineralogist. He published numerous scientific papers for the Royal Society during the early 1800s as well as defining calamine, which would eventually be renamed after him as "smithsonite". He was the founding donor of the Smithsonian Institution, which also bears his name.Born in Paris, France, as the illegitimate child of Elizabeth Hungerford Keate Macie and Hugh Percy (born Hugh Smithson), the 1st Duke of Northumberland, he was given the French name Jacques-Louis Macie. His birth date was not recorded and the exact location of his birth is unknown; it is possibly in the Pentemont Abbey. Shortly after his birth he naturalized to Britain where his name was anglicized to James Louis Macie. He adopted his father's original surname of Smithson in 1800, following his mother's death. He attended university at Pembroke College, Oxford in 1782, eventually graduating with a Master of Arts in 1786. As a student he participated in a geological expedition to Scotland and studied chemistry and mineralogy. Highly regarded for his blowpipe analysis and his ability to work in miniature, Smithson spent much of his life traveling extensively throughout Europe; he published some 27 papers in his life.
Smithson never married and had no children; therefore, when he wrote his will, he left his estate to his nephew, or his nephew's family if his nephew died before Smithson. If his nephew were to die without heirs, however, Smithson's will stipulated that his estate be used "to found in Washington, under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men". He died in Genoa, Italy, on 27 June 1829, aged 64. Six years later, in 1835, his nephew died without heir, setting in motion the bequest to the United States. In this way Smithson became the patron of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., despite having never visited the United States. Provided by Wikipedia
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2Ren jian zhi shi /人間知識 /by Smithson, James, 1765-1829
Published 1973
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3by Smithson, James, 1765-1829
Published 1879
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4by Smithson, James, 1765-1829
Published 1803
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6by Smithson, James, 1765-1829
Published 1943
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7by Smithson, James, 1765-1829
Published 1811
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8by Smithson, James, 1765-1829
Published 1879
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9by Smithson, James, 1765-1829
Published 1879
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10
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11by Smithson, James, 1765-1829
Published 1879
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12Published 1847Other Authors: “...Smithson, James, 1765-1829...”
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13Published 1846Other Authors: “...Smithson, James, 1765-1829...”
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14Published 1894Other Authors: “...Smithson, James, 1765-1829...”
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15by Rhees, William Jones, 1830-1907Other Authors: “...Smithson, James, 1765-1829...”
Published 1880
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16Published 1880Other Authors: “...Smithson, James, 1765-1829...”
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17Published 1879Other Authors: “...Smithson, James, 1765-1829...”
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18Published 1901Other Authors: “...Smithson, James, 1765-1829...”
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19Published 1895Other Authors: “...Smithson, James, 1765-1829...”
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